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Countries of the WorldA complete table of the 249 countries and territories of the world by continent. |
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Name | Date | Previous Names | Capital | Government | Languages |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aland Islands | 1921 | Mariehamn | Dependency (Finland) | Swedish | |
Albania | 1912 | Tirane | Republic | Albanian | |
Andorra | 1278 | Andorra La Vella | Republic | Catalan | |
Armenia | 190BC 1991 |
Yerevan | Republic | Armenian Azeri |
|
Austria | 1919 | Austria-Hungary | Vienna | Federal Republic | German |
Azerbaijan | 1991 | Baku | Republic | Azeri | |
Belarus | 1991 | Byelorussia | Minsk | One Party State | Belarussian |
Belgium | 1830 | Spanish Netherlands | Brussels | Constitutional Monarchy | French Flemish |
Bosnia-Hercegovina | 1994 | Yugoslavia Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire |
Sarajevo | Republic | Croatian Serbian |
Bulgaria | 681 | Sofia | Republic | Bulgarian Turkish |
|
Croatia | Yugoslavia Austria-Hungary |
Zagreb | Republic | Croatian | |
Cyprus | 1960 | Nicosia | Republic | Greek Turkish |
|
Czech Republic | 1993 | Czechoslovakia Austia-Hungary |
Prague | Republic | Czech |
Denmark | c950 | Copenhagan | Constitutional Monarchy | Danish | |
Estonia | 1918 | Tallinn | Republic | Estonian Russian |
|
Faeroe Islands | Torshavn | Dependency (Denmark) | Faeroes | ||
Finland | 1917 | Helsinki | Republic | Finnish Swedish |
|
France | 486 | Frankish Kingdom West Frankish Kingdom |
Paris | Republic | French Provencial Breton Basque German |
Georgia | c500BC | Tbilisi | Republic | Georgian | |
Germany | 1871 | Frankish Kingdom East Frankish Kingdom Holy Roman Empire |
Berlin | Federal Republic | German Sorbian Danish |
Gibraltar | 1713 | Gibraltar | Colony (UK) | English Spanish |
|
Greece | c1000BC 1830 |
Athens | Republic | Greek Turkish |
|
Greenland | Nuuk | Dependency (Denmark) | |||
Guernsey | St Peter Port | Dependency (UK) | |||
Hungary | c1000 | Austria-Hungary | Budapest | Republic | Hungarian |
Iceland | 930 | Reykjavik | Republic | Icelandic | |
Ireland | 1921 | Dublin | Republic | English Gaelic |
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Isle of Man | Douglas | Dependency (UK) | |||
Italy | 1861 | Rome | Republic | Italian Sardinian |
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Jan Mayen | Colony (Norway) | ||||
Jersey | St Helier | Dependency (UK) | |||
Kosova | 2008 | Serbia and Montenegro Yugoslavia |
Pristina | Republic | Albanian Serbian |
Latvia | 1920 | Riga | Republic | Latvian | |
Lichtenstein | Vaduz | Principality | German | ||
Lithuania | 1009 1918 |
Prussia | Vilnius | Republic | Lithuanian |
Luxembourg | 1815 | Luxembourg City | Dutchy | German | |
Macedonia | Yugoslavia Ottoman Empire |
Skopje | Republic | Macedonian | |
Malta | 1964 | Valletta | Republic | Maltese English |
|
Moldova | 1991 | Moldavia Bessarabia |
Chisinau | Republic | Moldavian |
Monaco | 1215 | Monaco | Principality | French | |
Montenegro | 2006 | Serbia and Montenegro Yugoslavia Ottoman Empire |
Podgorica | Republic | Serbian |
Netherlands | 1579 | Amsterdam | Constitutional Monarchy | Dutch Frisian |
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Norway | c800 1905 |
Oslo | Constitutional Monarchy | Norwegian | |
Poland | 966 | Warsaw | Republic | Polish Kashubian |
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Portugal | 1143 | Lisbon | Republic | Portuguese | |
Romania | 1878 | Wallachia Moldavia |
Bucharest | Republic | Romanian Hungarian |
Russia | 862 | Soviet Union | Moscow | Federal Republic | Russian many others |
San Marino | 301 | San Marino | Republic | Italian | |
Serbia | 2006 | Serbia and Montenegro Yugoslavia Ottoman Empire |
Belgrade | Republic | Serbian |
Slovakia | 1993 | Czechoslovakia Austia-Hungary |
Bratislava | Republic | Slovak Hungarian |
Slovenia | 1990 | Yugoslavia Austria-Hungary |
Ljubljana | Republic | Slovene |
Spain | 1492 | Castille Aragon Navarre |
Madrid | Constitutional Monarchy | Spanish Catalan Basque Galician |
Svalbard | Longyearbyen | Dependency (Norway) | |||
Sweden | c1050 | Stockholm | Constitutional Monarchy | Swedish | |
Switzerland | 1291 | Bern | Federal Republic | German French Italian Romansh |
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Turkey | 1923 | Ottoman Empire Byzantine Empire |
Ankara | Republic | Turkish Kurdish Arabic |
Ukraine | 1991 | Soviet Union | Kiev | Republic | Ukrainian Russian |
United Kingdom | 1801 | England Scotland Wales |
London | Constitutional Monarchy | English Welsh Gaelic |
Vatican City | c330 1927 |
Papal States | Vatican City | Theocracy | Italian |
Name | Date | Previous Names | Capital | Government | Languages |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | 1747 | Kabul | No effective government | Farsi Pashto Uzbek |
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Bahrain | 1971 | Manama | Absolute Monarchy | Arabic | |
Bangladesh | 1971 | East Pakistan | Dhaka | Republic | Bengali Urdu |
Bhutan | Thimphu | Theocratic Monarchy | Jonkha | ||
British Indian Ocean Territory | Diego Garcia | Colony (UK) | |||
Brunei | c650 | Bandar Seri Begawan | Absolute Monarchy | Malay | |
Burma (Myanmar) | 1948 | Rangoon | Military Dictatorship | Burmese Karen Shan |
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Cambodia | c800 | Kampuchea | Phnom Penh | Republic | Khmer French Vietnamese |
China | c1500BC | Carthay | Beijing | One Party State | Mandarin Cantonese Fukien Wu Tibetan Uigur |
East Timor | 2002 | Dili | Republic | Portuguese | |
India | c2500BC 1948 |
Moghul Empire | New Delhi | Federal Republic | Hindi Urdu Punjabi Kashmiri Gujarati Bengali Assamese Oriya Marathi Kannada Telugu Tamil Malayalam English many others |
Indonesia | c400 | East Indes | Jakarta | Republic | Indonesian Javanese Sundanese Madurese Minagkabau Achinese Batak Buginese many others |
Iran | c6000BC | Persia | Tehran | Theocratic Republic | Farsi Baluchi Kurdish Azeri Armenian |
Iraq | 1922 | Mesopotamia Babylonia Assyria |
Baghdad | No effective government | Arabic Kurdish |
Israel | c800BC 1948 |
Palestine Ottoman Empire Judea |
Tel Aviv | Republic | Hebrew Arabic English Russian |
Japan | c600BC | Tokyo | Constitutional Monarchy | Japanese Ainu |
|
Jordan | 1922 | Transjordan Ottoman Empire Moab |
Amman | Monarchy | Arabic |
Kazakhstan | 1991 | Astana | One Party State | Kazakh | |
Kuwait | 1922 | Ottoman Empire Arabia |
Kuwait City | Absolute Monarchy | Arabic |
Kyrgyzstan | 1991 | Bishtek | One Party State | Kirgiz Uzbek |
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Laos | 1353 | Vientiane | One Party State | Lao | |
Lebanon | 1920 | Ottoman Empire Phoenicia |
Beirut | One Party State | Arabic French Armenian |
Malaysia | 1957 | Malaya | Kuala Lumpur | Federal Monarchy | Malay |
Maldives | 1965 | Male | Maldivian | ||
Mongolia | 1203 | Ulaan Baatar | Republic | Mongolian Kazakh |
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Nepal | c1770 | Gorkha Kingdom | Kathmandu | Monarchy | Nepalese Bihari Newari Tibetan Murmi |
North Korea | c2330BC 1945 |
Korea | Pyongyang | One Party State | Korean |
Oman | 1970 | Muscat and Oman Arabia |
Muscat | Absolute Monarchy | Arabic |
Pakistan | 1948 | West Pakistan | Islamabad | Republic | Urdu Kashmiri Pashto Baluchi Sindhi |
Papua New Guinea | 1949 | Port Moresby | Republic | Pidgin English many others |
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Philippines | 1521 | Manila | Republic | Tagalog English Cebuano Hiligaynon Samaran Ilocano many others |
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Qatar | 1971 | Arabia | Doha | Monarchy | Arabic |
Saudi Arabia | c1750 | Ottoman Empire Hejaz Arabia |
Riyadh | Theocratic Monarchy | Arabic |
South Korea | c2300BC 1945 |
Korea | Seoul | Republic | Korean |
Singapore | 1965 | Malaya | Singapore | Republic | Mandarin Malay Tamil English |
Sri Lanka | 1948 | Ceylon | Colombo | Republic | Sinhalese Tamil |
Syria | c2500BC 1920 |
United Arab Republic | Damascus | One Party State | Arabic Kurdish Armenian |
Taiwan | 1945 | Formosa | Taipei | Mandarin | |
Tajikistan | 1991 | Dushanbe | One Party State | Tadzhik Kyrgyz |
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Thailand | c1200 | Siam | Bangkok | Monarchy | Thai Mandarin Malay Khmer |
Turkmenistan | 1991 | Ashgabat | One Party State | Turkmen | |
United Arab Emirates | 1971 | Trucial States | Abu Dhabi | Federal Monarchy | Arabic |
Uzbekistan | c1300 1991 |
Tashkent | One Party State | Uzbek Tajik |
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Vietnam | 1945 1975 |
North Vietnam South Vietnam |
Hanoi | One Party State | Vietnamese |
Yemen | 1918 | Aden North Yemen South Yemen |
Sanaa | One Party State | Arabic |
Name | Date | Previous Names | Capital | Government | Languages |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Algeria | 1962 | Maghreb | Algiers | Military Dictatorship | Arabic French Kabyle |
Angola | 1975 | Luanda | One Party State | Mbundu Portuguese Kongo |
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Benin | Dahomey | Porto-Novo | Republic | Fon French |
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Botswana | 1966 | Bechuanaland | Gaborone | Republic | Tswana English Bushmen |
Burkina Faso | 1919 | Upper Volta | Ouagadougou | More French |
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Burundi | Bujumbura | One Party State | Rundi French |
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Cameroon | 1960 | Yaounde | Military Dictatorship | Fang Bulu Yaunde Fulani English French |
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Cape Verde | Praia | Republic | Portuguese | ||
Central African Republic | Bangui | Republic | Sango French Gbaya Banda |
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Chad | 1920 | N'Djamena | One Party State | Sara Arabic French |
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Comoros | Moroni | One Party State | Comoran French Arabic |
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Congo (Brazzaville) | Brazzaville | One Party State | Lingala Kongo French |
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Congo | Zaire | Kinshasa | No effective government | Kingwana Luba Kongo Lingala French many others |
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Djibouti | 1977 | Afars and Issas | Djibouti | Republic | Arabic Afar Somali French |
Egypt | c3000BC | United Arab Republic | Cairo | One Party State | Arabic |
Equatorial Guinea | Malabo | Military Dictatorship | Fang Spanish |
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Eritrea | 1993 | Asmara | One Party State | Tigrinya Tigre |
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Ethiopia | c500BC | Abassynia | Addis Ababa | Republic | Amharic Tigrinya Galla Sidamo Somali English many others |
Gabon | 1839 | Libreville | One Party State | Fang French many others |
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Gambia | Banjul | Military Dictatorship | Wolof Malinke English |
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Ghana | 1957 | Gold Coast | Accra | Republic | Twi Fanti Ewe English |
Guinea | Conakry | One Party State | Fulani Malinke French |
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Guinea-Bissaau | 1446 | Bissau | Republic | Balante Fulani Portuguese |
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Ivory Coast | Abidjan | One Party State | Dyula French many others |
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Kenya | 1885 | East Africa | Nairobi | Republic | Swahili English Kikuyu Kamba Luo |
Lesotho | 1818 | Basutoland | Maseru | Republic | Sotho English |
Liberia | Monrovia | No effective government | Kpelle English |
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Libya | 1934 | Tripoli | One Party State | Arabic Tamashek |
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Malagasy Republic | 1958 | Madagascar | Antananarivo | Republic | Malagasay |
Malawi | Nyasaland | Lilongwe | Republic | Nyanja English Yao |
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Mali | 1960 | Soudan | Bamako | Republic | Bambara Fulani Soninke Malinke French many others |
Mauritania | Nouakchott | Military Dictatorship | Arabic French |
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Mauritius | Port Louis | Republic | French English |
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Mayotte | Mamoudzou | Colony (France) | |||
Morocco | 1649 | Maghreb | Rabat | Monarchy | Arabic Shluh Tamazight Riffian French |
Mozambique | Maputo | Republic | Makua Tsonga Portuguese |
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Namibia | 1989 | South West Africa | Windhoek | Republic | Ambo English Afrikaans German many others |
Niger | 1922 | Niamey | Republic | Hausa DjermaFulani French |
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Nigeria | Abuja | Republic | Hausa Yoruba Ibo Fulani Kanuri Efik English many others |
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Reunion | Saint-Denis | Colony (France) | French | ||
Rwanda | 1915 | Kigali | One Party State | Ruanda French Swahili |
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Sao Tome and Principe | Sao Tome | Republic | Portuguese | ||
Senegal | 1959 | Dakar | Republic | Wolof French Fulani |
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Seychelles | Victoria | Republic | French English |
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Sierra Leone | 1787 | Freetown | Republic | Mende Temne English |
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Somalia | 1886 | Somaliland | Mogadishu | No effective government | Somali |
South Africa | 1910 | Pretoria | Republic | English Afrikaans Xhosa Zulu Tswana Sotho Pedi Swazi many others |
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South Sudan | 2011 | Juba | Federal Republic | Nuer Bari Zande Dinka |
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Sudan | 1899 | Khartoum | No effective government | Arabic Nubian Beja Dinka |
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Swaziland | 1968 | Mbabana | Monarchy | Swazi English |
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Tanzania | 1961 | Tanganyka | Dar es Salaam | Swahili English many others |
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Togo | 1884 | Togoland | Lome | One Party State | Ewe French |
Tunisia | 1881 | Carthage Maghreb |
Tunis | Arabic French |
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Uganda | 1961 | Kampala | Luganda English many others |
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Zambia | 1888 | Northern Rhodesia | Lusaka | One Party State | Bemba English |
Zimbabwe | 1890 | Rhodesia Southern Rhodesia |
Harare | One Party State | Shona Matebele English |
Name | Date | Previous Names | Capital | Government | Languages |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
American Samoa | Pago Pago | Colony (USA) | |||
Ashmore and Cartier Islands | Colony (Australia) | ||||
Australia | Canberra | Federal Monarchy | English many others |
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Baker and Howland Islands | Colony (USA) | ||||
Christmas Island | Flying Fish Cove | Colony (Australia) | |||
Cocos Islands | West island | Colony (Australia) | |||
Cook Islands | Avarua | Colony (New Zealand) | |||
Coral Sea Islands | Colony (Australia) | ||||
Federated States of Micronesia | Palikir | Federal Republic | |||
Fiji | Suva | Military Dictatorship | Fijian English |
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French Polynesia | Papeete | Colony (France) | Tahitian French English |
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Guam | Agana | Colony (USA) | |||
Heard and McDonald Islands | Colony (Australia) | ||||
Jarvis Island | Colony (USA) | ||||
Johnston Atoll | Colony (USA) | ||||
Kingman Reef | Colony (USA) | ||||
Kiribati | Tarawa | Republic | |||
Marshall Islands | Majuro | Republic | |||
Midway Islands | Colony (USA) | ||||
Nauru | Yaren District | Republic | |||
New Caledonia | Noumea | Colony (France) | |||
New Zealand | Wellington | English Maori |
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Niue | Alofi | Colony (New Zealand) | |||
Norfolk Island | Kingston | Colony (Australia) | |||
Northern Marina Islands | Saipan | Colony (USA) | |||
Palau | 1994 | Koror | Republic | ||
Palmyra Atoll | Colony (USA) | ||||
Pitcairn Island | Adamstown | Colony (UK) | |||
Samoa | Apia | Constitutional Monarchy | |||
Solomon Islands | Honiara | Constitutional Monarchy | |||
Tokelau | Colony (New Zealand) | ||||
Tonga | Nuku'alofa | One Party State | Tongan | ||
Tuvalu | Funafuti | Republic | |||
Vanuatu | Port-Vila | Republic | |||
Wake Island | Colony (USA) | ||||
Wallis and Futuna | Mata Uta | Colony (France) |
Name | Date | Previous Names | Capital | Government | Languages |
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Anguilla | The Valley | Colony (UK) | |||
Antigua and Barbuda | Saint John's | English | |||
Aruba | Oranjestad | Colony (Netherlands) | |||
Bahamas | Nassau | Constitutional Monarchy | English | ||
Barbados | Bridgetown | Constitutional Monarchy | English | ||
Belize | 1840 | British Honduras | Belmopan | Republic | English Spanish Yucatec |
Bermuda | Hamilton | Colony (UK) | |||
British Virgin Islands | Road Town | Colony (UK) | |||
Canada | Ottawa | Federal Monarchy | English French many others |
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Cayman Islands | Georgetown | Colony (UK) | |||
Costa Rica | 1838 | San Jose | Republic | Spanish | |
Cuba | 1902 | Havana | One Party State | Spanish | |
Dominica | Roseau | Constitutional Monarchy | |||
Dominican Republic | Hispaniola | Santo Domingo | Republic | Spanish | |
El Salvador | 1838 | San Salvador | Republic | Spanish | |
Grenada | Saint George's | Constitutional Monarchy | English | ||
Guadeloupe | Basse-Terre | Colony (France) | |||
Guatemala | 1524 | Guatemala City | Republic | Spanish Quiche Cakchiqul Mam Kekchi |
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Haiti | Port-au-Prince | Military Dictatorship | French | ||
Honduras | 1838 | Tegucigalpa | Republic | Spanish Lenca English |
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Jamaica | Kingston | Constitutional Monarchy | English | ||
Martinique | Port-de-France | Colony (France) | |||
Mexico | 1821 | Mexico City | Federal Republic | Spanish Nahuatl Yucatec many others |
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Montserrat | Plymouth | Colony (UK) | |||
Navassa Island | Colony (USA) | ||||
Netherlands Antilles | Willemstad | Colony (Netherlands) | Dutch Papiamento |
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Nicaragua | 1838 | Mangua | Republic | Spanish | |
Panama | 1903 | Colombia | Panama City | Republic | Spanish Cuna |
Peter Island | Colony (Norway) | ||||
Puerto Rico | San Juan | Dependency (USA) | Spanish English |
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Saint Kitts and Nevis | Basseterre | Constitutional Monarchy | |||
Saint Lucia | Castries | Constitutional Monarchy | |||
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Kingstown | Constitutional Monarchy | |||
St Helena | Jamestown | Colony (UK) | |||
St Pierre and Miquelon | St Pierre | Colony (France) | |||
Trinidad and Tobago | Constitutional Monarchy | English | |||
Turks and Caicos Islands | Cockburn | Colony (UK) | |||
United States of America | 1776 | Washington DC | Federal Republic | English Spanish French many others |
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Virgin Islands | Charlotte Amalie | Colony (USA) |
Name | Date | Previous Names | Capital | Government | Languages |
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Argentina | 1816 | Buenos Aires | Federal Republic | Spanish Italian German |
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Bolivia | 1825 | Alto-Peru | La Paz | Republic | Spanish Aymara Quechua Guarani |
Bouvet Island | Colony (Norway) | ||||
Brazil | 1822 | Brasilia | Federal Republic | Portuguese Tupi Arawak Guarani |
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Chile | 1818 | Santiago | Republic | Spanish German Mapuche |
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Colombia | 1819 | New Granada | Bogota | Republic | Spanish Arawak Carib |
Ecuador | 1830 | New Granada | Quito | Republic | Spanish Quechua |
Falkland Islands | Stanley | Dependency (UK) | English | ||
French Guiana | Cayenne | Colony (France) | French | ||
Guyana | Georgetown | Constitutional Monarchy | English Arawak |
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Paraguay | 1811 | Asuncion | Republic | Spanish Guarani |
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Peru | 1824 | Lima | Republic | Spanish Quechua |
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South Georgia | Grytviken | Dependency (UK) | |||
Suriname | Paramaribo | Republic | Dutch Pidgin English |
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Uruguay | 1828 | Montevideo | Republic | Spanish | |
Venezuela | 1821 | New Grenada | Caracas | Republic | Spanish |
Name | Date | Previous Names | Capital | Government | Languages |
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Abkhasia | Ruled by Georgia | ||||
Chechnya | Claimed and Ruled by Russia | Chechen | |||
Kashmir | Srinagar | Ruled by India and Pakistan | Kashmiri | ||
Kosova | Pristina | Claimed by Serbia | Albanian Serbian |
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Kurdistan | Divided by Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran | Kurdish | |||
Nagorno-Karabakh | Claimed by Azerbaijan; Ruled by Armenia | Armenian Azeri |
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Northern Cyprus | Nicosia | Ruled by Turkey | Turkish | ||
Palestine | Quds (Jerusalem) | Ruled by Israel | Arabic Hebrew |
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Tibet | Lhasa | Ruled by China | Tibetan Mandarin |
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Transdniester | Claimed and Ruled by Moldova | ||||
Western Sahara | Claimed and Ruled by Morocco | ||||
West Papua | Claimed and Ruled by Indonesia |
Name | Date | Previous Names | Capital | Government | Languages |
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Antarctica | Claimed by Several Countries |
Republic
A government with multi-party elections. The head of state may be elected directly, by the government or (if symbolic) appointed.
Federal Republic
A government with multi-party elections. The central government has limited powers - regions, provinces or states run their own affairs. The head of state may be elected directly, by the government or (if symbolic) appointed.
Colony
Administrated by colonial power with or without limited self rule.
Dependency
Democratic state dependent on another country for its foreign policy.
Constitutional Monarchy
A multi-party democracy with a non-elected, heredetary (but symbolic) head of state (usually a King or Queen).
Monarchy
Some elections but heredetary head of state has a large say in government.
Principality
A multi-party democracy with a non-elected, heredetary (but symbolic) head of state (usually a Prince or Princess). May be in partial political union with neighbouring states.Dutchy
A multi-party democracy with a non-elected, heredetary (but symbolic) head of state (not royal). May be in partial political union with neighbouring states.Absolute Monarchy
Ruled by a head of state (usually a King or Queen) without elections.Federal Monarchy
Country with many monarchs, one of which is head of state.Theocratic Monarchy
Ruled by a head of state (usually a King or Queen) without elections. Laws based on religion.Theocratic Republic
A government with multi-party elections but limited to religious parties. The head of state may be elected directly, by the government or (if symbolic) appointed. Laws based on religion.Theocracy
Non-democratic rule by religious leader.Military Dictatorship
Rule by the military forces, usually after a violent removal of previous government.One Party State
Rule by a single political party. Some republics may effectively be single party states because of election malpractices.
Flags
A great resource for country and other flags.